Thursday, May 14, 2020
Teenage Girls in Society Essay example - 1274 Words
Portier describes tradition as a language, an act, or even an historical text handed to us by a family member, the people we interact with on a daily basis and the cultural setting we are a part of. Such tradition, defines who someone is best by dialogue because tradition can give enough illustration of something or give enough room to compare between past and present traditions. (20) Tradition, helps us question and answer the possibilities of human existence and experience through the problems and situations we encounter every day, which life goes on according to what you know as a tradition and influences your everyday life. It acts as an answer to everyday problems or situations that can be answered by past traditions that you becomeâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦She wants people to see that not everyone who claims to be of the Islamic faith is automatically following the principles of that religion. She has grown up a Muslim and the tradition has been passed down to her by her mother and father. A tradition is which Portier believes shapes an individual into who they are in a ââ¬Å"particular place and time and in a particular network of relations to people in family, community, nation, and churchâ⬠. (19) Her time happens to be in her teenage years. The courageous choice to wear a Hijab in public shocks not only her parents, friends but teachers as well. In the book, she tells us about her first encounter wearing the Hijab with her mother at Chadstone mall where she sees other Muslim girls of the same faith greet her by saying, ââ¬Å"Assalam-u-Alaikum, she says, greeting me with the universal Islamic greeting, peace be upon youâ⬠( p. 28). She thinks that by wearing the Hijab, its represents a worldwide sisterhood amongst them that can only be shared by tradition. This shared language and culture Portier believes gives us the answers to human capabilities to overcome feelings of hostilities perhaps. Feeling brave by this past encounter she w ears the Hijab at school where she gets mixed feelings toward it at first by her friends and also by her principal who first questions if she should be allowed to wear it in school. Her parents do end up convincing the principal in allowing herShow MoreRelatedThe Influence Of Media Reporting On Society s Perception Of Beauty1730 Words à |à 7 Pagesthat is unrealistic and unattainable for teenage girls. As such, based upon a macro perspective, the societal roles, status and expectations of young women have been impacted negatively. This paper will analyze how the combination of media reporting, socioeconomics and sociocultural factors contribute to the development of eating disorders as well as how society s perception of beauty has been distorted. This paper will further support the notion that societies perception of a femaleââ¬â¢s beauty is determinedRead MoreThe Is The Thief Of Joy1143 Words à |à 5 Pages ââ¬Å"Comparison is the thief of joyâ⬠(Roosevelt). Magazin es show numerous images that teenage girls compare themselves too. When girls are exposed to these images, they are convinced that they must be a certain size or way. They start to come up with an idea of what the perfect girls should look and act like. It varies from one girl to other. When they construct this image, it can cause them to think they have to change their appearance. Once they think of what they have to change, it causes them toRead MoreSocial Norms Of A Female s Beauty And Body Image1234 Words à |à 5 Pagesthe damn red velvet cupcake.â⬠ââ¬â Emma Stone. The world is rapidly changing in the world of women. Even over the last decade, the role and social norms of a female has changed substantially. With that said, societies standards of a women s beauty and body image has a direct effect on teenage girls, leading many to develop eating disorders such as anorexia. There are two main types of eating disorders: anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa. Both of these types are characterized as a major concern aboutRead MoreThe Dirty Technique Of The Call970 Words à |à 4 Pagesdeveloping in this society. Specifically, in movies, music videos, music, and television, there is strong focus on women as sexual objects rather than women. According to Jon Barber. And The Call (2013) is not an expression. This film is promoting the objectification of women, because it has unnecessary underwear scenes, also they exploited a teenage girl and it contains images structured around a masculine viewer. The first reason why this film is objectifying a teenager girl is because she is unnecessarilyRead MoreTeenage Girls and Body Image Essay1291 Words à |à 6 PagesTeenage girls are at an impressionable time in their lives. Mass Media is a key idea in one of the factors of socialization that become important to teenagers. Teenagers look to the media for a sense of entertainment. Whether it is movies, magazines, or even some aspects of social media, teenagers get a lot of influence from the mediaââ¬â¢s message. The problem with this is the media has a specific way of doing things and can be negative to a susceptible teenage girl. Mediaââ¬â¢s way of portraying a womanRead MoreArgumentative Essay1417 Words à |à 6 Pagesand Pregnant Promote or Discourage Teenage Pregnancy? Teenage pregnancy has become a major issue in todayââ¬â¢s society for our adolescents. This is a major problem for all who are involved. It creates hurt and a struggle for on the parents, especially for the mother (Gonchar and Schulten). Also for the parent(s) of the teenager this creates struggles for them because more often than not, they end up with the load of caring and looking after the child while the teenage parents are at school or out doingRead MoreThe Dilemma of a Pregnant Teenage In the world of today, one of the most predominant controversies,1000 Words à |à 4 PagesThe Dilemma of a Pregnant Teenage In the world of today, one of the most predominant controversies, we have been facing for decades is ââ¬ËTeenage Pregnancyââ¬â¢. Teenage pregnancy, affects different aspects of life, the newborn, mother and family of the teenagers involved. Few people believe that the society should be reprimanded. But I believe the society, should not take all the blame. In spite of societal blames, teens having unprotected/protected sex and getting pregnant are personal decisions. ThereRead MoreEssay on The Influences of Media on Establishing Teenage Identities 1717 Words à |à 7 PagesCULTURE IN A YOUNG TEENAGE GIRLS LIFE Introduction As teenage girls seek to establish a sense of self, teens may experiment with different roles, activities and behaviors. This is an important process of forming a strong identity and developing a sense of direction through life. Mass media plays an important role in shaping the youth culture. As we all know that in the current modern society, internet, television and magazines has become the inseparable elements of a teenage girlââ¬â¢s life. InternetRead MoreWhy Advertisements Are Killing You Essay1078 Words à |à 5 Pagesadvertisements in order for it to be successful. Teenagers and young children in today s society are easily influenced by the numerous advertisements they watch. In our current generation advertisements of the perfect body image have been shown, which places a toll on certain teenagers. This exposure contributes drastically the desirable body types, to the use of weight-loss products and health and psychological issues. Society shapes the individual in many ways, more than one realizes. Advertisements highlightRead MoreDoes Tumblr Have a Negative Impact on an Adolescent Girls Psychological Wellbeing1094 Words à |à 5 PagesDoes Tumblr have a negative impact on an adolescent girls psychological wellbeing. Antoinette Capili Since the grand opening of the renowned blogging website, Tumblr in 2007, there has been an overwhelming ââ¬Å"15 billion page views a monthâ⬠1. From this time on, Tumblr has played a signiï ¬ cant role in shaping an individualââ¬â¢s identity and personality towards themselves and society. The Tumblr environment has remarkably transformed the perspectives of adolescentsââ¬â¢ own appearance and is one of the
Wednesday, May 6, 2020
Management Method of Jack Ma - 1940 Words
Management Method of Jack Ma Summary Jack Ma is a wonderful leader, he use his talent create Alibaba this successful company .This article is about Jack Ma and his management methods ,it is mainly focus on 4 parts : target ,system of values , mission and teamwork . Jack Ma use his special management skill create a new era . This article will show us how important management and leadership are , also tell the rules for manage company and employee . What can those skills bring us and how to use them in our daily life . Content page Summary 2 Content page 3 Introduction 4 Target 4 System of Values 5 Mission 5 Teamwork 6â⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦Jack Ma put customers in the most important part , staffs should become customer service to their instinct . Jack knew that , nowadays concept is very indistinct , what the customers need are genuineness service . The nuclear is made their product according to the market and listen to customers attentively . As a E-commerce platform , Alibaba use the world s original creation B2B system , after exchange their idea to customers , they found the main problem that over 87% company worry about is integrity , so Alibaba first provide Trustpass service . Jack Ma s opinion is provide good service so that we can have more customers . After B2B system , Alibaba then create B2C and C2C system and new trading platform like Zhifubao . Jack Ma considered that short term passion is worthless , only lasting passion can make money . But what is lasting passion ? Now Alibaba is !0 years old , the average age of their staff is 26 , Alibaba is still in childhood , after 10 years the company become 20 , their staffs are 36 years old , they are in prime of life and have boundless prospects . Jack leave more chance for the young people , cause they can last the passion of the company , Jack Ma s management method tell us we should give more chance to young people , they are the fresh bloody for a company , they can always inject passion to their work and make good use of their competition . Mission Mission is a kind of identity , for businessShow MoreRelatedLeadership Analysis : Jack Ma1994 Words à |à 8 PagesLDR 6100 Instructor: Dr. Richard L. Oââ¬â¢Bryant Jianyu Liu Mar 23, 2016 Leadership Analysis The leader I want to interview is Jack Ma, but it is impossible to meet him. He is the founder of Alibaba and Taobao, nowadays; he is the richest person in China. I find a speech of him in Stanford and I want to analysis his speech in Stanford about how to be a good leader. He shared a story in the speech and that speech has inspired me a lot. ââ¬Å"That was a real story. In 1995 or 1997, I was riding my bike toRead MoreCase Study : Toyota Motor Company Essay2268 Words à |à 10 PagesToyotaââ¬â¢s culture is steeped in tradition (Takeuchi, 2008) and its strengths were observed as follows: 1. Crisis management in Toyota was developed by keeping in mind that Toyotaââ¬â¢s leadership in automobile industry is never safe. 2. Community management is maintained within the Toyoda family 3. Anything that is good for Toyota is taken in and assimilated by the management. 4. Even though the management is run by the family, decisions are taken by involving everyone. 5. Constant training of people and retainingRead MoreInternational Marketing Tool Around The World Wide Web2070 Words à |à 9 PagesAlibaba. Although due to the recent publicity of Alibaba, there will be a limited amount of sources available for this project. Therefore, primary research would not be plausible with the given amount of time. As the limitation stated above, the best method adopted for this project is secondary research such as, online newspaper, articles, academic journals and corporate website. Introduction Formatted in a mark-up language called HTML (Hyper Text Mark-up Language), WWW is an information-sharing modelRead MoreThe E Commerce Companys Strategy1724 Words à |à 7 Pagese-commerce was at infancy stage in China. Ma considered the potential for the e-commerce market. Thus, Alibaba started operations concentrating on providing B2B services to SMEs looking to go global. Maââ¬â¢s leadership and vision must not be underestimated. His leadership laid down the foundation, which led to build-up from scratch of an Internet business in China, leading to the blossoming of the Chinese Internet market. One can say without doubt that Jack Maââ¬â¢s entrepreneurial skills and vision areRead MoreSummary: Delivering Customer Value Based on Service Proces: the Example of Tesco.Com1449 Words à |à 6 Pagesââ¬Å"Delivering Customer Value Based on Service Process: The Example of Tesco.comâ⬠. The main objective of the paper is to investigate how Tesco delivers customer value in an eff ort to attract new customers and preserve previous customers. Tesco, founded by Jack Cohen in 1929, is a UK-based global supermarket chain, popular for its ââ¬Å"Everyday low prices strategyâ⬠. It is the first company to introduce grocery online shopping through its website Tesco.com from the notion that customer would prefer online purchasingRead MoreMM: Project Report788 Words à |à 3 Pagesï » ¿MMÃâà ® Project Report Figure 1 - MM Brand Characters (Norm, 2010) Contents Introduction: Purpose of Report 3 Project Part 1: Sampling Method 3 Project Part 2: Method, Analysis, Results 3 Project Part 3: Method, Analysis, Results 3 Project Part 4: Method, Analysis, Results 3 Project Part 5: Method, Analysis, Results 4 Conclusion 4 Introduction: Purpose of Report Purpose This analysis was conducted to investigate various aspects that relate to MM candies, their production, andRead MoreTaobao Case Analysis1551 Words à |à 7 Pagesbetween the buyer and seller, allowing them to work together under the guidance of a third party. Taobao understood the importance of offering payment mechanisms as part of their service, because of Chinaââ¬â¢s poorly developed e-business infrastructure. Ma and his team also had longstanding relationship with Chinese government officials and leaders in the Chinese banking industry, which gave him the support of existing financial institutions. Part of Ebayââ¬â¢s issue was a lack of understanding of some ofRead MoreFinancial Management Of The Healthcare Organization1371 Words à |à 6 PagesFinancial Ratios Analysis Raven Washington MHA 612: Financial Managerial Accounting Professor Jack Lazarre October 27, 2014 The financial management of the healthcare organization needs to handle financial matters carefully in order to perform well. Ratio analysis is a kind of financial statement analysis that is utilized to get a fast indication of an organizations financial performance in most important sectors, for that reason the healthcare organization must utilize ratioRead MoreStatistic Methods: Utilizing Six Sigma Essay1357 Words à |à 6 Pages Six Sigma is a fixated and quantifiable management discipline that utilizes a disciplined, data-driven approach to work to remove imperfections across every business area, together with management, service delivery, design, production and customer satisfaction, stressing breakthrough improvement for improved bottom line results. Six Sigma has its origins back with the labors of (Port, 2004). Their programs for Zero Defects and Total Quality Management in Japan, lead to the adoption of the sixRead MoreOperation Management Of Macdonald s Australia2653 Words à |à 11 Pages Operation management of MacDonaldââ¬â¢s In Australia Introduction about Operation management: Operations management is an essential word or technique that is utilized to change over the inputs like materials, work, exclusive data, and so forth into yields like worth included items, administrations, products, and so on. The technique incorporates a determining, scope preparing, planning, overseeing inventories, guaranteeing quality, inspiring representatives
Tuesday, May 5, 2020
Lower Dauphin Falcon Basketball Team Essay Research free essay sample
Lower Dauphin Falcon Basketball Team Essay, Research Paper The Champ It was halftime ; the mark was tied. The Lower Dauphin Falcon Basketball squad was playing with such personal appeals as we started to surge over the Susquehanna Indians in the 2nd half. It was one shooting after another, and shortly we were winning by 2 points. The star of the game was of class our figure 33, Evan. He shined on the tribunal like an angel in camouflage. The crowd was heartening with exhilaration as the concluding proceedingss were weaving down on the scoreboard. The game was tied at 44 with 5 seconds staying, and of class it was our? angel? who came to the deliverance once more. He caught the ball at the border of the three-point line, squared up, and allow it wing. We watched with hopeful eyes as his shooting sailed towards the basket. It was a success ; we had beaten our challengers for the 2nd clip this season. The crowd rushed the tribunal ; cryings of joy fell from the participant? s eyes, including Evan? s. After the game we all went over the Evan? s house to observe. Many of us non cognizing that the remainder of the weekend would alter our lives. We played pool, ate pizza, and watched the 11:00 intelligence to see high spots from the game. Evan sat with me and thanked me for coming to watch him. After all, I wore his New Jersey and his figure painted on my face. I left that dark at 12:30. I was unaware of the large party that was taking topographic point at another house, or I would hold stayed with Evan so he would non hold gone. Alternatively I went place and went to kip. Besides, I had a reasonably unbelievable dark as it was, and I wanted to enjoy the minutes captured. All of a sudden I sat up in bed ; it was 8:00 on a Monday forenoon. School was cancelled because a fresh bed of snow had fallen on the land. To my surprise the telephone rang. ? Kristen, did I wake you? ? These were the first words spoken by my friend? s female parent, Mel. ? Yes, ? I said courteously, non holding a hint as to why she was naming so early. With her voice shaking, as something awful had happened, she asked me if I had heard the bad intelligence. ? No, ? I uttered. ? Mel, what happened? ? Then she began to state me something that I thought I would neer hold to hear. ? Evan was in an atrocious auto accident last dark, ? she said. ? Oh my goodness, is he all right, when can I see him? ? These words flew out of my oral cavity non cognizing the remainder of the narrative waiting to be told to me. ? Kristen? he was killed. ? Tears immediately began to turn over down my pale white face. So many ideas, memories, and amusing brushs ran through my caput in a affair of seconds until my train of idea was broken. Mel offered to come over, being that she lived two houses off. I turned down her offer, and told her that I had to name my ma. I eventually got my fingers free from clinching the telephone so t ightly that I was able to name my ma. She answered, I tried to talk but my pharynx was dry and nil was able to come out. Then all of a sudden I blurted out? ? Mom, Evan Gourley was killed in a auto accident last night. ? She didn? t understand a word that I had said, so she asked me to reiterate myself. When I eventually came around to it, she told me to quiet down. Her offer was besides to come place ; I rapidly rejected her every bit good and called my fellow Brandon. While dialing his phone figure, teardrops were pouring from my eyes. There was no reply, merely the drone recording of the answering machine at the other terminal. It must hold sounded like I was shouting into the phone while I was go forthing the message, but I was certain that person would recognize there was serious intelligence expecting them and name me back shortly. Seconds later my phone rang. ? Kristen, its Brandon, what is the job? ? Relieved to hear his voice, I asked him if he would come over. He questioned my petition and asked me one time once more what was incorrect. ? Evan died in a auto accident last dark, ? I responded. ? Do non travel, I? ll be right there. ? Brandon spoke these soothing words to me. Until person arrived at my house for me to sorrow with, memories upon memories ran throughout my head. Evan was a star hoops and baseball participant, member of the homecoming tribunal, and merely an all about great cat. He was the funniest, sweetest, and most charming cat in our category ( good, possibly non but he certainly did seek ) . He merely had one defect, imbibing and drive. His ruddy Ford Probe hit an icy chuckhole at 2:00 a.m. It so collided with a bank along the side of the route and came to a landing on its roof. He was pronounced dead at the scene when person eventually found his demolished auto 45 proceedingss subsequently. Even though that is how he died, none of us judge him by his hapless determination that dark. Yes, it could hold been prevented, but it wasn? T. Traveling to his funeral was difficult, but traveling back to school on Tuesday was even harder. Besides, Evan had sat next to me in every category except for one. For the first hebdomad I would travel to state something to him, or delay for him to do a amusing comment at one of the instructors or pupils, and it merely wouldn? t happen. Finally world had set in. Although we know that Evan Cooke Gourley made one important error in his life, we had come to recognize that his clip here on Earth was cherished and that he made the best of it. He knows that he could neer be forgotten, and that he made an unbelievable impact on each of our prevarications. He is non remembered for doing that three-pointer to win the game, or striking out the last hitter for a no batter. After all, Evan was our friend, and my? angel? . He will go on to populate on in our Black Marias as person really particular until we can all fall in him in ageless peace.
Monday, April 6, 2020
My Hobby attractions and drawbacks free essay sample
Every person on this planet likes to do something other than work or study all the time. And that is why everybody has his or her own hobby. I never thought I ever had a hobby. As a matter of fact I wasnt even sure what a hobby actually is. Then I got to thinking and I finally realized that my hobby is gaming. Yes, I know that to some people gaming is not considered a true hobby and they think that it is a ââ¬Å"uselessâ⬠hobby; but the way I see it, if I enjoy gaming and spend my precious time doing it, then I have every right to consider it as my special hobby. Of course, as each hobby does gaming has its pluses and minuses. Firstly, many games are very sociable, either playing against your mates on the sofa or online with other people. Games are aimed at making people to cooperate and chat with each other. We will write a custom essay sample on My Hobby: attractions and drawbacks or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page So, gaming simply socializes you, as you learn how to communicate with people who have different characters, view points, etc. Also it improves your command of language, as many games have a multinational audience and there is a great opportunity for a person to talk to an Englishman, American, Chinese, German, etc. As for me I just turn on English language in the setting of a game and expand my vocabulary playing it. Secondly, games are intellectual and educational, not all of course, but there are plenty of examples. And, actually, I have a good one from my own experience. This is about, how one particular game changed my life. Generally, my attitude to car driving and cars was quite neutral. It did not bother me and I was not interested in it. But since I have played ââ¬Å"Grand Turismo 5â⬠I changed my attitude, opinion, and point of view completely. Creatorââ¬â¢s passion that shines through every aspect of the game, incredibly detailed cars, slick presentation and spot-on physics, all these things, made me fall in love with cars and everything related to it. And now I am going to get a driverââ¬â¢s license. Pretty nice change in life caused by the game, isnââ¬â¢t it? Thirdly, playing challenging games develops not only oneââ¬â¢s mental skills and abilities but also physical as it improves eye hand coordination and reaction for playing those fast action games, where you need to make decisions and assess the situation very quickly. Also gaming is plain fun. We all know that games were created to entertain people. It is a well-known fact that fun prolongs our life, so play games live more. Simple truth. But of course not everything is so bright, because every coin has the other side. This other side includes such things as live in the virtual reality, physical problems (blurred vision, even obesity), big expenditures (gaming is not a costless hobby as if you want to enjoy games you should have top hardware which is not cheap) and addiction (you know once you have played computer game it will be difficult to stop. But for me listed above disadvantages are smoothed out by a big number of advantages. To sum up I would like to say that gaming is not a ââ¬Å"uselessâ⬠hobby. For me this hobby is not only a way to relax, to get rid of negative emotions, but also it is a strong tool that allows me to improve my command of language, communicate with people of different nationality and just have a fun.
Monday, March 9, 2020
Models of Organisational Behaviour Essays
Models of Organisational Behaviour Essays Models of Organisational Behaviour Paper Models of Organisational Behaviour Paper MODELS OF ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOUR Introduction Organizations achieve their goals by creating, communicating and operating an organizational behaviour system, as shown in the figure below: Managementââ¬â¢s Philosophy ? Values ? Vision ? Mission ? Goals Formal Organization Organizational Culture Social Environment Informal Organization Leadership ? Communication ? Group Dynamics Quality of Work Life Motivation Outcomes: ? Performance ? Employee satisfaction ? Personal growth and development I. Philosophy A. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. The philosophy (model) of organizational behavior held by management consists of an integrated set of assumptions and beliefs about the way things are, the purpose for these activities, and the way should be. The philosophies are sometimes implicit or explicit in the minds of managers. There are five major organizational behavior philosophies: Autocratic Custodial Supportive Collegial System B. Selected Elements of Philosophy Statement We are committed to quality, cost-effectiveness and technical excellence. People should treat each other with consideration, trust and respect. Each person is valuable, is unique and makes a contribution. All employees should be unfailingly committed to excellent performance. Teamwork can and should, produce far more than sum of individual efforts. C. Two Sources of Philosophy of Organizational Behavior Fact Premises represent our descriptive view of how the world behaves. They are drawn from both behavioral science research and personal experiences. Value Premises represent our view of desirability of certain goals and activities. Value premises are variable beliefs we hold and are therefore under control. II. Values The rules by which we make decisions about right and wrong Determine which are more or less important and which is more favorable A. Sample of Statement of Values Harvard University Statement of Values August 2002 Harvard University aspires to provide education and scholarship of the highest quality - to advance the frontiers of knowledge and to prepare individuals for life, work, and leadership. Achieving these aims depends on the efforts of thousands of faculty, students, and staff across the University. 2 Some of us make our contribution by engaging directly in teaching, learning, and research, others of us, by supporting and enabling those core activities in essential ways. Whatever our individual roles, and wherever we work within Harvard, we owe it to one another to uphold certain basic values of the community. These include: Respect for the rights, differences, and dignity of others Honesty and integrity in all dealings Conscientious pursuit of excellence in ones work Accountability for actions and conduct in the workplace The more we embrace these values in our daily lives, the more we create and sustain an environment of trust, cooperation, lively inquiry, and mutual understanding - and advance a commitment to education and scholarship, which all of us share. III. Vision Represents a challenging portrait of what the organization and its members can be -a possible, and desirable, future. Leaders need to create exciting projections about where the organization should go and what major changes lie ahead Once the vision is established, persistent and enthusiastic communication is required to sell it throughout the ranks of employees so they will embrace it with commitment. A. Samples of Vision Statements 1. PSBA Manila To be an institution of world-class education for youth of our country. 2. GMA Network CORPORATE VISION We are the most respected, undisputed leader in the Philippine broadcast industry and the recognized media innovator and pacesetter in Asia. We are the Filipinosââ¬â¢ favorite network. We are the advertisersââ¬â¢ preferred partner. We are the employer of choice in our industry. We provide the best returns to our shareholders. We are a key partner in promoting the best in the Filipino. 3. Procter and Gamble Be, and be recognized as, the best consumer products and services company in the world. 4. SMDC We envision SM Development Corporation to be a leading developer of world-class residences in the Philippines, uplifting Filipino lifestyles into one that is convenient, upscale yet affordable, and environment friendly. B. Mission Identifies the business the organization is in the market niches it tries to serve, the types of customers it is likely to have and the reasons for its existence. Many mission statements even include a brief listing of the competitive advantages, or strengths, or the firm believes it has. Mission statements are more descriptive and less future-oriented. C. Samples of Mission Statements 1. T oyota To sustain profitable growth by providing the best customer experience and dealer support. â⬠2. Apple Computer 1984 To produce high-quality, low cost, easy to use products that incorporate high technology for the individual. We are proving that high technology does not have to be intimidating for non-computer experts. â⬠IV. Goals Goals are relatively concrete formulations of achievements the organization is aiming within set periods of time, such as one to five years. Goal setting is a complex process for top managementââ¬â¢s goals need to be merged with those of employees, who bring their psychological, social and economic needs with them to an organization. A. Samples of Goals To establish stronger relationships with 10,000 clients in Metro Manila. To minimize client complaints from 40 down to 5 per month. To increase the student population to 700 within 2 years 4 V. McGregorââ¬â¢s Theory X and Theory Y, Alternative Assumptions About Employees Theory X Theory X assumes that the average person: ? ? ? ? ? Theory Y Theory Y makes the following general assumptions: ? ? Dislikes work and attempts to avoid it. Has no ambition, wants no responsibility, and would rather follow than lead. Is self-centered and therefore does not care about organizational goals. Resists change. Is gullible and not particularly intelligent. ? ? ? Work can be as natural as play and rest. People will be self-directed to meet their work objectives if they are committed to them. People will be committed to their objectives if rewards are in place that address higher needs such as selffulfillment. Under these conditions, people will seek responsibility. Most people can handle responsibility because creativity and ingenuity are common in the population. Essentially, Theory X assumes that people work only for money and security. Theory X The Hard Approach and Soft Approach Under Theory X, management approaches can range from a hard approach to a soft approach. The hard approach relies on coercion, implicit threats, close supervision, and tight controls, essentially an environment of command and control. The soft approach is to be permissive and seek harmony with the hope that in return employees will cooperate when asked to do so. However, neither of these extremes is optimal. The hard approach results in hostility, purposely low-output, and hard-line union demands. The soft approach results in ever-increasing requests for more rewards in exchange for ever-decreasing work output. The optimal management approach under Theory X probably would be somewhere between these extremes. However, McGregor asserts that neither approach is appropriate because the assumptions of Theory X are not correct. The Problem with Theory X Drawing on Maslows hierarchy, McGregor argues that a satisfied need no longer motivates. Under Theory X the firm relies on money and benefits to satisfy employees lower needs, and once those needs are satisfied the source of motivation is lost. Theory X management styles in fact hinder the satisfaction of higher-level needs. Consequently, the only way that employees can attempt to satisfy their higher level needs in their work is by seeking more compensation, so it is quite predictable that they will focus on monetary rewards. While money may not be the most 5 effective way to self-fulfilment, in a Theory X environment it may be the only way. Under Theory X, people use work to satisfy their lower needs, and seek to satisfy their higher needs in their leisure time. But it is in satisfying their higher needs that employees can be most productive. McGregor makes the point that a command and control environment is not effective because it relies on lower needs as levers of motivation, but in modern society those needs already are satisfied and thus no longer are motivators. In this situation, one would expect employees to dislike their work, avoid responsibility, have no interest in organizational goals, resist change, etc. thus making Theory X a self-fulfilling prophecy. From this reasoning, McGregor proposed an alternative: Theory Y. Theory Y The higher-level needs of esteem and self-actualization are continuing needs in that they are never completely satisfied. As such, it is these higher-level needs through which employees can best be motivated. Under these assumptions, there is an opportunity to align personal goals with organizational goals by using the employees own quest for fulfillment as the motivator. McGregor stressed that Theory Y management does not imply a soft approach. McGregor recognized that some people may not have reached the level of maturity assumed by Theory Y and therefore may need tighter controls that can be relaxed as the employee develops. Theory Y Management Implications If Theory Y holds, the firm can do many things to harness the motivational energy of its employees: Decentralization and Delegation If firms decentralize control and reduce the number of levels of management; each manager will have more subordinates and consequently will be forced to delegate some responsibility and decision making to them. ? ? Job Enlargement Broadening the scope of an employees job adds variety and opportunities to satisfy ego needs. Participative Management Consulting employees in the decision making process taps their creative capacity and provides them with some control over their work environment. Performance Appraisals Having the employee set objectives and participate in the process of evaluating how well they were met. If properly implemen ted, such an environment would result in a high level of motivation as employees work to satisfy their higher level personal needs through their jobs. VI. Paradigms/Framework Models such as X and Y are also called paradigms or frameworks of possible explanations about how things work. Any model that a manager holds usually begins with certain assumptions about people and leads to certain implications and even predictions of events. Managerial Paradigms According to Joel Barker They influence managerial perceptions of the world around them. They define oneââ¬â¢s boundaries and provide perceptions for how to behave. They encourage resistance to change, since they have worked in the past. They may either consciously or unconsciously affect oneââ¬â¢s behavior. When new paradigms appear, they provide alternative ways of viewing the world and solving problems. VII. Five Models of Organizational Behavior Autocratic Basis of Model Power Supportive Economic Resources Custodial Leadership Collegial Partnership System Trust, community, meaning Caring, compassion Psychological ownership Self-motivation Managerial Model Employee orientation Employee psychological result Employee Needs Met Performance result Authority Money Support Teamwork Obedience Security and Benefits Job Performance Responsible Behavior Self-discipline Dependence on Dependence on Participation boss organization Subsistence Security Status and recognition Awakened drives Selfactualization Moderate enthusiasm Wide range Minimum Passive cooperation Passion and commitment to organizational goals 7 A. The Autocratic Model The autocratic model has its roots in history, and certainly, it became the prevailing model of the industrial revolution. The autocratic model depends on power. Characteristics of Autocratic Model Managerial orientation is formal, official authority. The employee orientation is obedience to a boss. Useful way to accomplish work It is an acceptable approach to guide managerial behavior when there were no wellknown alternatives, it can be useful during organization crises. B. The Custodial Model Custodial model was used during the welfare programs in 1890s and 1900s. The welfare program was later known as paternalism. Characteristics of Custodial Model The res ulting managerial orientation is toward money to pay wages and benefits. The employer looks to security needs as a motivating force. This approach leads to employeeââ¬â¢s dependence on the organization. C. The Supportive Model The supportive model depends on leadership instead of power or money. Through leadership, management provides a climate to help employees grow in the interests of the organization the things of which they are capable of. The management orientation is to support the employeeââ¬â¢s job performance This approach leads to a feeling of participation and task involvement in the organization. D. The Collegial Model The term ââ¬Å"collegialâ⬠relates to a body of people working together cooperatively. A contingency relationship exists in which the collegial model tends to be more useful with unprogrammed work, an intellectual environment and considerable job freedom. Characteristics of Collegial Model The managerial orientation is towards teamwork. Management is the coach that builds a better team. The employee response to this situation is responsibility. E. The System Model 8 It is the result of higher meaning at work by many of todayââ¬â¢s employees; they want more than just a paycheck and job security from their jobs. Characteristics of System Model The role of a manager becomes one of facilitating employee accomplishments through a variety of actions. Employees embrace the goal of organizational effectiveness. The employee needs that are met are of highest order (e. g. social status, esteem, autonomy, self-actualization) VIII. Conclusions About the Models Evolving Usage There is no one permanently ââ¬Å"bestâ⬠model, because what is best is contingent in what is known about human behavior in whatever environment exists at that time. The primary challenge for management is to identify the model it is actually using and then assess its current effectiveness. A manager has two key tasks- to acquire a new set of values as models evolve and to learn and apply the behavioral skills that are consistent with those values. Relation of Model to Human Needs The five models discussed in this report are closely related to human needs. Each model is built upon the accomplishment of the other. Increasi ng Use of Some Models The trend toward the supportive, collegial and systems models will probably continue. Contingent Use of Other Models Though one model maybe used at any given time, some appropriate models will be given at any given time. All five models will still be used; however, an emphasis will be given to newer ones. Managerial Flexibility Managers not only need to identify their current behavioral model but also keep it flexible and current. Managers need to read, think, assess, reflect, interact with others be receptive to the growing needs and be receptive to the challenges to their thinking from their colleagues and employees. 9
Friday, February 21, 2020
Question is in the instruction part Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words
Question is in the instruction part - Essay Example In this essay we will consider the extent to which this statement is true, basing on the modern filming of Shakespeare's plays, with especial emphasis on Romeo + Juliet directed by Baz Luhrmann. Nowadays, Hollywood is experiencing a real 'boom' of using classical works with purely pragmatic aims - i.e. for transferring them to the modern environment, and these films are oriented predominantly at teenagers and young people. In Gil Junger's Ten Things I Hate About You (1999), the plot of Taming of the Shrew is used, with the names of main characters preserved, yet Shakespeare is not mentioned as a source text in the film's titles. Same as in Philip Spink's Ronnie and Julie (1997), here only the basic lines of the plot are preserved, and both films are just teenage comedies. It can easily be noticed that in new screen versions of Shakespearean plays, the characters are 'moving' in time and space; however they do not seem to lose their up-to-datedness, and it can be presumed that the playwright of the 16th century managed to depict the life situations and problems that are still topical nowadays, and that whereas the world around us has changed by means of technical and cultural progress, the human soul remained just the same as four hundred years ago. So, is the thesis of the 'progress of humanity' just a myth What is there beyond the urge of film directors to create new and new versions of the old works How do these new motion pictures influence our perception of Shakespeare, and, vice versa, how Shakespeare's image of a famous playwright influences our attitude to the ideas conveyed by the modern films based on his plots Let us try to penetrate into the world of Shakespearean characters that have been 'transferred' to the modern environment. B) William Shakespeare vs modern filming of his plays: is the playwright's image being 'exploited' 1. 'Shakespeare's boom' in cinematography: a concise overview In the 80-90s years of the last century, there has appeared a whole bulk of new films based on Shakespeare's plays. As a rule, they did not go beyond the limits of traditional interpretations: in 1989, an English actor Kenneth Branagh directed Henry V that won an Oscar, European Film Award and quite a few other awards; then success came to Branagh's films Much Ado About Nothing (1993), Hamlet (1996) and As You Like It (2006). There have been multiple attempts of filming Hamlet, Prince of Denmark - i.e. Franco Zeffirelli, who is commonly acknowledged to be the author of the best screen version of Romeo and Juliet (1968) and who had also screened The Taming of the Shrew (1967) and Otello (1986), presented his version of Hamlet in 1991 with Mel Gibson playing the main male part, however his film was evaluated as very boring. Not particularly new was Oliver Parker's Othello (1995) in terms of interpretation of Shakespearean plot and ideas. In 1991, Peter Greenaway came up with a quite original interpretation of Shakespeare's Tempest - Prospero's Books. Quite free is considered Branagh's
Wednesday, February 5, 2020
Response Journal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words
Response Journal - Essay Example He jumps to safety and despite losing consciousness due to blood loss, he somehow gets back tom the train safely and to the doctor who takes him to Sherlockââ¬â¢s home. We discover later that the machine was actually a press used in the counterfeiting of coins by the criminals that had tried to end his life. This story is starts off with some rather tempting proposition which gets us thinking is it right for the engineer to accept the job despite the man acting as suspicious as he did? The engineer we can say acted in good faith and also was ethical enough in promising not to talk about the job to anyone. According to the code of ethics for engineers from the National Society of Professional Engineers, section II rules of practice sub section c states that, ââ¬Å"Engineers shall not reveal facts, data, or information without the prior consent of the client or employer except as authorized or required by law or this Code.â⬠So he actually acted ethically here. There is the question of how willing was the engineer to be beguiled in his haste to make quick money after his long stay without a client. Was he a bit greedy for the money promised? In part 8 of Doyleââ¬â¢s ââ¬ËThe Adventure of The Engineers Thumbââ¬â¢ the engineer actually points out ââ¬Å""I thought of the fifty guineas, and of how very useful they would be to me. He then proceeds to tell the man ââ¬ËNot at all, I shall be very happy to accommodate myself to your wishes.â⬠This makes him easy to cheat and use for the crooks. The very first questions asked by the thin man should have put the engineer on guard as they are very telling in themselves. He enquires if the engineer is an orphan and if he has no wife or dependants. This already shows the thin man planned to kill him after his work as his disappearance would be easy to cover having no one to look for him. This should have been telling questions or was the engineer too concerned with
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